---
title: "How to Become a Shot Caller"
episode: 8
podcast: "The LeanScale Podcast"
publisher: "LeanScale"
guest: "Tom Miller"
guest_title: "Author of 'Call Your Shots'; former CRO, Emailage"
date_published: 2023-05-25
date_modified: 2026-07-22
duration: 00:13:12
word_count: 1654
topics: ["gtm-strategy", "sales-leadership", "revenue-operations", "brand-positioning"]
canonical_url: https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/podcast/tom-miller-shot-caller/
source: "LeanScale Podcast Knowledge Hub — https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app"
license: "Free to quote and cite with attribution to The LeanScale Podcast."
---

# How to Become a Shot Caller

_Tom Miller on the value exchange event, operating plans, and engineering repeatable winning_

**Episode 8 · The LeanScale Podcast**  
Tom Miller, Author of 'Call Your Shots'; former CRO, Emailage · Hosted by Anthony Enrico  
Published May 25, 2023 · Updated July 22, 2026 · 00:13:12  
Canonical: https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/podcast/tom-miller-shot-caller/

**Topics:** GTM Strategy · Sales Leadership · Revenue Operations · Brand & Positioning


## Executive summary

Episode 8 opens a four-part series with Tom Miller — a veteran operator who has led sales, marketing, product management, and P&L growth across both public companies and startups, sat through multiple IPOs, and run strategic acquisitions on the buy and sell side. He is the author of 'Call Your Shots,' and, as host Anthony Enrico notes, his former CRO and friend from their days together at Emailage. The conversation is a compact tour of the central idea behind Tom's book: that 'winning' in business is not luck or genius but a discipline that can be engineered — and that the people who engineer it are what he calls shot callers.

Tom's starting point is deliberately fundamental. Strip a company down and the most basic thing it does is create a value exchange event — until value changes hands, it doesn't matter whether you're LeanScale, Emailage, Google, or a kid running a lemonade stand, you're not really a business yet. From that primitive he builds outward: if you understand the science of value exchange and connect it to strategy, go-to-market, and how you actually run the company, you can raise your odds of winning and make the outcome more predictable. His frustration — and the reason he wrote the book — is that the only widely celebrated path to a 'home run' is unicorn status, a billion-dollar outcome so rare that betting a career on it leaves most operators 'pretty much doomed.' He wanted a repeatable alternative: winning as a service.

Becoming a shot caller, Tom argues, starts with something unglamorous — executing against a real annual operating plan (AOP), the 'interlock plan' he and Anthony ran at Emailage. He is 'always stunned' by companies that don't take an AOP seriously, but he's equally clear that a plan is necessary, not sufficient: practice a bad golf swing and you simply ingrain bad habits until you hit the wall. The reason shot calling is so rare, he believes, isn't a lack of effort, intelligence, or passion — 'the road to hell is paved with good intentions' — it's that most of us were trained improperly about the reality of value and how the human mind perceives it. Fix that, and the thinking has to roll all the way upstream into your roadmap, brand, strategy, and mission. It's a founder- and revenue-leader-oriented primer that sets up the rest of the series.


## Key takeaways

1. **A business is nothing until it creates a value exchange event** — Tom reduces a company to its most fundamental act: creating an exchange of value. Until that happens, it doesn't matter whether you're LeanScale, Emailage, Google, or a lemonade stand — you're not really a business yet. Everything else (roadmap, brand, strategy) exists to manufacture or accelerate that event.
   _Why it matters:_ Anchor strategy on the value exchange itself. If a role, program, or investment doesn't help create or speed a value exchange event, question why it exists.
   _For:_ Founders, Revenue Executives, RevOps Leaders

2. **Winning can be engineered — treat it as 'winning as a service'** — Tom's thesis is that the gap between winning and underperforming companies can be explained in near-scientific, data-driven terms, and therefore made predictable and repeatable. He frames the goal as buying 'winning as a service' — a framework any operator can imprint on a business to raise its odds of success.
   _Why it matters:_ Stop treating outcomes as luck or genius. Build a repeatable operating framework so high performance is designed, not improvised.
   _For:_ Founders, Revenue Executives

3. **Unicorn-or-bust is a trap for operators** — Because the celebrated 'home run' is unicorn status — a billion-dollar outcome so rare the term unicorn even applies — anyone who ties their career to that single path is, in Tom's words, 'pretty much doomed.' The whole point of the framework is a repeatable alternative to hoping for a rare event.
   _Why it matters:_ Design for predictable, compounding wins rather than betting the org on a low-probability moonshot. Repeatability beats lottery odds.
   _For:_ Founders, Revenue Executives

4. **A shot caller executes against an operating plan** — The first, non-negotiable trait of a shot caller is executing against a real annual operating plan (AOP) — the 'interlock plan' Tom and Anthony ran at Emailage. Tom is 'always stunned' to find companies operating without one, and cites data that companies without a proper plan have a very low chance of hitting or exceeding expectations.
   _Why it matters:_ Stand up a serious AOP before anything else. Predictability and accountability start with a plan the whole go-to-market can interlock around.
   _For:_ Revenue Executives, RevOps Leaders, Founders

5. **An operating plan is necessary but not sufficient — don't ingrain a bad swing** — A plan alone doesn't create winning. Tom's analogy: practice a bad golf swing and you might improve incrementally, but you're just ingraining bad habits and will 'invariably hit the wall.' A systematically flawed system produces the avoidable traps he writes about.
   _Why it matters:_ Audit the system behind the plan, not just whether a plan exists. Executing a flawed model faster only compounds the flaw.
   _For:_ Revenue Executives, RevOps Leaders

6. **Predictability and accuracy matter as much as raw performance** — Tom stresses that operators live under pressure not only to perform, but to be highly accurate, predictive, and efficient. That combination is what lets investors and boards count on delivery and inspires the confidence that, to him, is the essence of winning.
   _Why it matters:_ Instrument the business so you can forecast and hit numbers reliably. Trust from boards and investors is earned through accuracy, not just upside.
   _For:_ Revenue Executives, RevOps Leaders

7. **Shot calling is rare because we were trained improperly about value** — Tom doesn't blame effort, passion, intelligence, or innate skill — 'the road to hell is paved with good intentions.' The real culprit is that most operators have been trained improperly about the reality of value and how the human mind perceives it, so they optimize the wrong things.
   _Why it matters:_ Re-educate the team on how buyers actually perceive value before layering on tactics. Better tactics on a flawed model of value won't fix the outcome.
   _For:_ Founders, Revenue Executives, RevOps Leaders

8. **Value thinking has to roll upstream into roadmap, brand, and strategy** — Understanding how the market perceives your offer isn't just a sales or marketing concern — Tom argues it must be reflected all the way upstream in the product roadmap, the brand, and the company's strategy, mission, objective, and purpose. Operators imprint their ideas on the business to make it easier, better, or faster.
   _Why it matters:_ Treat perceived value as a first-class input to product and strategy, not a downstream messaging exercise. Alignment from roadmap to brand is what makes the value exchange repeatable.
   _For:_ Founders, RevOps Leaders


## Frameworks

### The Value Exchange Event (04:14)

**Definition:** The most fundamental aspect of any business: an entity capable of creating a value exchange event. Until value is exchanged, an organization — however well-funded or well-intentioned — is not yet really a business.

Tom uses this as the atomic unit of his framework. Whether you're LeanScale, Emailage, Google, or a lemonade stand, the job is to manufacture or accelerate value exchange with some element of control, and to understand how humans perceive value in order to do it repeatably.

### Winning as a Service (07:52)

**Definition:** The idea that winning in business — high performance that is predictable, repeatable, and inspires investor and board confidence — can be codified into a framework and 'bought' like any other service, rather than left to luck.

Tom's reaction to the unicorn 'home run' problem: if success can be explained in data-driven terms, it can be engineered. The framework is meant to let any individual imprint predictable, repeatable winning onto a business.

### The Shot Caller (Call Your Shots) (08:44)

**Definition:** An operator who masters the science of value exchange and imprints a predictable, repeatable operating framework onto a business — calling, and hitting, their shots rather than making it up as they go.

The namesake of Tom's book. Becoming a shot caller means comprehensively putting together a plan and executing against it with accuracy and control; Tom argues true shot calling is severely lacking in business today.

### The Annual Operating Plan (AOP / Interlock Plan) (10:37)

**Definition:** A proper annual operating plan that the whole go-to-market interlocks around — the first prerequisite of shot calling. Companies attempting to operate without one have a very low chance of hitting or exceeding expectations.

Tom and Anthony called it the 'interlock plan' at Emailage. Tom is 'always stunned' by companies that don't take an AOP seriously, but insists it's necessary, not sufficient — a plan built on a flawed system still fails.

### The Bad Golf Swing Trap (11:29)

**Definition:** The failure mode where a company diligently executes a systematically flawed system — practicing a bad golf swing. You may improve incrementally, but you only ingrain bad habits and will invariably 'hit the wall.'

Tom uses this to explain why effort and a plan aren't enough. The traps companies fall into are avoidable, but only if you fix the underlying system rather than getting better at running a broken one.


## Quotes

_Speakers inferred from an undiarized transcript — verify before attributing._

> "It's a super rare event — so rare that when it happens, the term unicorn is applied — which means to people like us that have devoted our lives to these mostly go-to-market professions, we're pretty much doomed."
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (00:00)

> "He's the author of Call Your Shots, where he's codified his frameworks for achieving success — but most importantly, he's my former CRO and good friend."
>
> — Anthony Enrico, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (00:55)

> "I didn't want to write a book. I just wanted to read the book I needed to explain what created winning in business."
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (01:41)

> "What is the most fundamental aspect of a business? It's an entity capable of creating a value exchange event."
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (04:14)

> "Until there's a value exchange event, it doesn't matter if you're LeanScale or Emailage or Google or you're running a lemonade stand — you're really not a business yet."
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (04:14)

> "We're all trying to imprint our thoughts, ideas, strategies on a business to make it easier or better or faster."
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (05:51)

> "Of all the things we can buy as a service, why can't we buy winning as a service?"
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (07:52)

> "If you can master the understanding of these concepts, you really can become a shot caller."
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (08:44)

> "I haven't seen a whole lot of shot callers. Why do you think there's such a lack of shot calling going on in business today?"
>
> — Anthony Enrico, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (09:36)

> "To be a shot caller means that you're first of all executing against an operating plan."
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (10:37)

> "I'm always stunned when I get to any business that does not have an annual operating plan."
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (10:37)

> "If you practice a bad golf swing, you might get incrementally better, but ultimately all you're doing is ingraining bad habits. You will invariably hit the wall."
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (11:29)

> "The road to hell is paved with good intentions. I don't think it's any lack of commitment or passion or hard work or intelligence or even innate skill."
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (11:47)

> "We've all in a sense been trained improperly about the reality of value — how the human mind perceives value."
>
> — Tom Miller, The LeanScale Podcast Ep. 8 (12:21)


## Practical advice by role

### Founders

- Define your business by the value exchange event it creates — until value changes hands, you don't have a business, you have an endeavor.
- Don't stake the company on unicorn odds. Build a repeatable framework for winning so success is engineered, not a rare lottery hit.
- Push value thinking upstream: your roadmap, brand, strategy, and mission should all reflect how the market actually perceives your offer.

### Revenue Executives

- Stand up a serious annual operating plan the whole go-to-market interlocks around — companies without one rarely hit or exceed expectations.
- Optimize for accuracy and predictability, not just raw performance; that's what earns board and investor confidence.
- Interrogate the system behind the plan. Executing a systematically flawed model faster just ingrains bad habits until you hit the wall.

### RevOps Leaders

- Make the operating plan a living interlock across sales, marketing, and product — not a static spreadsheet filed away after planning season.
- Instrument the business for predictability, accuracy, and efficiency so leadership can 'call its shots' with confidence.
- Re-educate the team on how buyers perceive value before layering on tactics; better tactics on a flawed value model won't move the outcome.


## Operations takeaways

### Revenue operations

- **Start with the AOP.** Shot calling begins with executing against a real annual operating plan the whole go-to-market interlocks around; companies without one rarely hit expectations.
- **Plan is necessary, not sufficient.** A flawed operating system executed diligently just ingrains bad habits — fix the model, don't only get faster at running a broken one.
- **Accuracy is the deliverable.** Predictability, accuracy, and efficiency are what earn board and investor confidence — instrument the business to forecast and hit numbers, not just to perform.
- **Anchor on value exchange.** Tie every role, program, and investment back to creating or accelerating a value exchange event; that's the atomic unit RevOps exists to speed up.


## Metrics mentioned

| Value | Metric | Context |
| --- | --- | --- |
| $1B valuation (some say within ~10 years) | Unicorn threshold | Tom's framing of why unicorn-or-bust is a trap: the 'home run' outcome is so rare that betting a career on it leaves most operators 'pretty much doomed.' |


## Entities mentioned

- **Emailage** (company) — Where Tom Miller was Anthony's CRO; the two built what they called the 'interlock plan' (annual operating plan) together, and Tom uses it as his reference example of executing against a real AOP. · https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/company/emailage/
- **LeanScale** (company) — The podcast's host company, used in Tom's 'value exchange event' illustration (LeanScale, Emailage, Google, or a lemonade stand — none is a business until value is exchanged). · https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/company/leanscale/
- **Google** (company) — Named in the value-exchange thought experiment as an example that scale doesn't change the fundamental rule — no value exchange, no business. · https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/company/google/
- **Tom Miller** (person, guest) — Author of 'Call Your Shots' and a veteran go-to-market operator (multiple IPOs, buy- and sell-side M&A); Anthony Enrico's former CRO at Emailage. · https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/guest/tom-miller/
- **Anthony Enrico** (person, host) — Co-founder of LeanScale and host of The LeanScale Podcast. · https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/guest/anthony-enrico/


## FAQ

**Q: What does it mean to be a 'shot caller' in business?**

A: In Tom Miller's framework, a shot caller is an operator who masters the science of value exchange and imprints a predictable, repeatable operating framework onto a business — comprehensively putting together a plan and executing against it with accuracy and control, rather than making it up as they go. The first prerequisite is executing against a real annual operating plan.

**Q: What is a 'value exchange event'?**

A: A value exchange event is the most fundamental thing a business does: the moment value is actually exchanged. Tom Miller argues that until that happens, an organization isn't really a business yet — it doesn't matter whether you're a large company or a lemonade stand. Every function exists to help create or accelerate value exchange.

**Q: Why did Tom Miller write 'Call Your Shots'?**

A: Tom says the book was born out of necessity: he didn't want to write a book, he wanted to read the one that explained, in data-driven terms, what actually creates winning in business. When that book didn't exist, he set out to codify the frameworks himself — most notably the value exchange event and the shot caller.

**Q: Why does Tom Miller say an annual operating plan (AOP) isn't enough?**

A: Tom considers a proper annual operating plan the non-negotiable first step, but insists it's necessary, not sufficient. His analogy is a bad golf swing: practice a flawed system and you might improve incrementally, but you only ingrain bad habits and will invariably hit the wall. You have to fix the underlying system, not just execute a flawed one faster.

**Q: Why does Tom Miller think shot calling is so rare?**

A: He doesn't blame effort, passion, intelligence, or innate skill — 'the road to hell is paved with good intentions.' In his view the real reason is that most operators were trained improperly about the reality of value and how the human mind perceives it, so they optimize the wrong things even while working hard.

**Q: What does 'winning as a service' mean?**

A: It's Tom Miller's way of describing the goal of his framework: if the difference between winning and underperforming companies can be explained in near-scientific, data-driven terms, then winning can be engineered — made predictable and repeatable — and effectively 'bought' like any other service, instead of being left to luck or a rare unicorn outcome.


## Timeline

- **00:00** — Cold open: the unicorn problem
- **00:55** — Meet Tom Miller, author of 'Call Your Shots'
- **01:41** — Why he wrote the book: the book he needed didn't exist
- **04:14** — What a business really is: the value exchange event
- **05:51** — Imprinting your ideas on the business
- **06:54** — Winning as a service: predictable, repeatable success
- **08:44** — Becoming a shot caller
- **09:36** — Why shot calling is so rare
- **10:37** — It starts with an operating plan (AOP)
- **11:29** — The bad golf swing trap
- **12:21** — Trained improperly about value


## Related episodes

- **Ep. 10: Identifying Your Inner Core Value** (Tom Miller) — Part 2 of the same four-part series — Tom moves from what a shot caller is to identifying the inner core value that guides the business. · https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/podcast/thomas-miller-inner-core-value/
- **Ep. 11: Value Stacking and Why Everyone Gets It Wrong** (Tom Miller) — Part 3 of the series — Tom applies the value-exchange thesis to the most common mistake in marketing, value mis-stacking. · https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/podcast/thomas-miller-value-stacking/
- **Ep. 6: Why Your Forecast Is Broken** (LeanScale) — The forecasting counterpart to Tom's emphasis on predictability and accuracy inside an operating plan. · https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/podcast/why-your-forecast-is-broken/
- **Ep. 2: How to Measure New Business With Usage-Based Pricing** (LeanScale) — A practical companion to 'a business is nothing until it creates a value exchange event' — measuring the value of new business. · https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/podcast/bernardo-alves-usage-based-pricing/
- **Ep. 15: Where Should RevOps Report?** (LeanScale) — Org-design companion to the shot-caller idea of who owns and interlocks the operating plan. · https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/podcast/cameron-legge-where-revops-report/


## Full transcript

_Machine-transcribed and not diarized; speaker attribution is inferred._  
_Transcript only, as a separate file: https://leanscale-knowledge-hub.netlify.app/podcast/tom-miller-shot-caller/transcript.md_

### 00:00 — Cold open: the unicorn problem

**[0:00]** It's a super rare event, like so rare that when it happens, the term unicorn is applied, which means to people like us that have devoted our lives to these mostly go-to-market professions in my case, it means we're pretty much doomed. Welcome to The LeanScale Podcast, where we talk about everything RevOps. Thank you for listening. Very grateful to have a special guest with us today, Tom Miller. Tom has led sales, marketing, product management, P&L growth for both public companies and startups. He's participated in multiple IPOs and led strategic acquisitions both on the buy and sell side. He's the author

### 00:55 — Meet Tom Miller, author of 'Call Your Shots'

**[0:55]** of Call Your Shots, where he's codified his frameworks for achieving success, but most importantly, he's my former CRO and good friend. Tom, thank you so much for being here today. Good to see you, Anthony. Thanks for having me on the podcast. I was telling some folks today I was doing a podcast later and they were all extremely impressed. We'll have to flood the internet with this podcast and see if we can get some viral moment to occur or something. I'm sure if any of our topics is going to go viral, it's going to be this one. I'm really excited to go through some of the frameworks that I got to learn firsthand working with

### 01:41 — Why he wrote the book: the book he needed didn't exist

**[1:41]** you, operating within a startup. I think one of the questions I'm sure you've been asked a million times, but I'd love to hear it for you. I know our listeners would love to hear. Why did you decide to write your book, Call Your Shots? Yeah. It was basically born out of necessity more than anything else. I didn't want to write a book. I just wanted to read the book I needed to explain what created winning in business. I've had a long career. I've been fortunate to be in all kinds of operating roles, running all different kinds of teams, go-to-market teams, engineering teams, product

**[2:24]** teams, marketing teams. Success was always elusive in one of the sort of defining moments for me. It just dawned on me through the expression of hearing about how companies become unicorns. It's a Silicon Valley expression when a company achieves a billion dollar valuation. Some people would define it as a billion dollar valuation within 10 years. Either way, it's a super rare event, so rare that when it happens, the term unicorn is applied, which means to people like us that have devoted our lives to these mostly go-to-market professions, in my case, it means we're pretty much doomed. If the only chance to really hit a home run

**[3:15]** means we have to achieve this unicorn status, you could easily then surmise that that's going to be really hard to do. As the person oftentimes responsible for trying to create success or alter the trajectory that a company was on, it was always hard. It always came with a lot of pain and suffering. Something has to explain in data-driven scientific terms what's separating the winning companies from the companies that are losing or underperforming. I tried to buy the book that explained it. It didn't exist. That really set me on this journey of understanding what was creating the winning in the first place. There were

### 04:14 — What a business really is: the value exchange event

**[4:14]** some concepts that I hung my hat on really from the beginning. If you think about what is a business, what is the most fundamental aspect of a business? It's an entity capable of creating a value exchange event. Until there's a value exchange event, it doesn't matter if you're lean scale or email age or Google or you're running a lemonade stand. Until there's a value exchange event, you're really not a business yet. If you're in a role where you have to understand how to create a value exchange event or accelerate the exchange of value so you can start to perform at levels that are commensurate with the effort that

**[5:02]** had gone into the endeavor in the first place with investors and boards and C-level executives and people pouring their heart and souls into these companies and we're also desperate to perform at the highest possible level. Those thoughts started to connect for me in my mind. What's the relationship between value, the way humans perceive value, and the likelihood that we're going to be able to manufacture a value exchange event with some element of control that would allow us to start to alter our destiny? Ultimately, that becomes kind of the defining characteristic of any go-to-market individual contributor or manager or executive.

### 05:51 — Imprinting your ideas on the business

**[5:51]** We're all trying to imprint our thoughts, ideas, strategies on a business to make it easier or better or faster. All the things that largely create this outcome we're looking for and then ultimately, that led to some themes that became fundamental to the shape of the book. In a lot of ways, this understanding of how it all goes together and the result was this idea that if you can understand the science of value exchange and the relationship between value exchange and strategy and go-to-market and the way you run your business, you could significantly increase your chance to win. Then you would learn that a lot of the capacity

### 06:54 — Winning as a service: predictable, repeatable success

**[6:54]** to realize this aspect of control was predictable. As it evolved in my mind and as I put more of it into practice, I was able to start to alter the outcome that I was projecting. The ability to do that accurately was always extremely on my mind. As you know, working with me, we're all very much under the pressure of trying to be high performing, but we're also under the pressure to try to be highly accurate. We're under the pressure to try to be highly predictive and efficient. All of those things come together in my mind as the difference between companies that seem to be working hard and trying hard and at some level maybe

**[7:52]** making it up as they go versus companies that really had a plan that was prescriptive enough that these ideas of high performance and predictability and accuracy and efficiency could be documented and investors and boards could count on the delivery of the kinds of results that would inspire confidence, that would create winning. All the best parts of being in business was what I was hoping I could predictably and repeatedly create. I sometimes think of all the things we can buy as a service, why can't we buy winning as a service? In a sense, that's what the framework is all about, is trying to create winning in a predictable, repeatable

### 08:44 — Becoming a shot caller

**[8:44]** way and imprint through the use of this framework, imprint any individual's utilization of the framework on the business in such a way that I would categorize that individual as a shot caller. That became the theme, that became the name of the book, Call Your Shots, because what I believe now more than ever is if you can master the understanding of these concepts, you really can become a shot caller. I really like the term because I think there's a severe lack of shot calling in business. We see it with people that we work with, our past experiences and the ability to comprehensively put together a plan. I know we called it the interlock

### 09:36 — Why shot calling is so rare

**[9:36]** plan when we worked together at emailage. It's very rare. I haven't seen a whole lot of shot callers. I don't know if it seems like there's a lack of shot calling out there. Why do you think that is? Why do you think there's such a lack of shot calling going on in business today? This is more of my opinion. The answer to that question, I don't believe can be necessarily borne out through any data that would indicate that X percentage of companies or individuals are shot calling or not shot calling in terms of the specific prescription that I believe is necessary to achieve this predictable, repeatable outcome in the AKA

### 10:37 — It starts with an operating plan (AOP)

**[10:37]** to be a shot caller means that you're first of all executing against an operating plan. There is a lot of data indicating that any company attempting to operate without a proper operating plan has a very low chance of hitting expectations or exceeding expectations. I'm always stunned when I get to any business that does not have an annual operating plan in AOP. It seems like such a natural thing, but many, many times I've seen that companies don't really take AOP seriously, but you need to. But an AOP isn't enough. I say to people sometimes like if you practice a bad golf swing, you might get incrementally better,

### 11:29 — The bad golf swing trap

**[11:29]** but ultimately all you're doing is ingraining bad habits. You will as sure as God made little green apples, you will invariably hit the wall. If you keep practicing any system that's systematically flawed, and that's again like what sort of flaws create the traps that companies fall into. And these I write about a number of these traps because I'd experienced pretty much all of them, and they're avoidable. But for me, my belief is I love the line the road to hell is paved with good intentions. I don't think it's any sort of lack of commitments or passion or hard work or intelligence or even innate skill. I don't think it's any

### 12:21 — Trained improperly about value

**[12:21]** of those things. I just think we've all in a sense been trained improperly about the reality of value, how the human mind perceives value, the idea of how to best alter the market's perception of your offer to maximize your chance to create a value exchange event. And then to roll that all the way upstream to the way that some of these ideas have to be reflected in your roadmap and in your brand and in your strategy and mission and objective and purpose.


---

_LeanScale Podcast Knowledge Hub. Free to quote and cite with attribution to The LeanScale Podcast (https://www.leanscale.team)._